' , " ,

:
( ) :13 12
. :' '
. , .
: , ,
: .

" "
13 - 12 -

1 12- 13 "" 2,
12 , . ,
,7 3 ,
" , 4 .
, 5

.

, ,
, , . "
' ," , ," . ,
,' .71
2
"" 12 . 12 12 "" 12
. , " ,
,' , " , , :
( ,)2003 ,' .103
.
3
, , " " : "
( ) "
4
, " ' " . , "
( ,") ,' ,43 .
5

" " ,".

 6. ,
7 .

" , " .
" "
. .
,
,13 12
.
9 . ,
. ,
12 - ,13 .
" " ,
10

10 14 12 .13
11
6

: , " " ' ( ),

' " ... ": '
...
...
" ' " ... " :
"
7
, , " ... " : " , ,
, , , ..." :
".
8
, ,' ,87 71' " :75 ,
' " , " ""
Mordechai A. Friedman, "The Ethics of Medieval Jewish Marriage", in Religion in a Religious
Age ed. S. D. Goitein (Cambridge, 1974), p.86: "Giving child brides into marriage was also
practiced by the jews of Europe.", Kenneth R. Stow, "The Jewish Family in the Rhineland in
the High Middle Ages: Form and Function", pp. 1101 1102, Judith R. Baskin, "Jewish
Women in the Middle Ages", p.102.
9

" ,"13( 45 ,),

' .109 - 108 , : " ,
" , : , , ( ,
,)1970' ,197 191 " , " , ," ,
, ( ,)1997 ,' ,15 10
, ,' .106 102 , , ,
(16 ,)1996 ,' .33 32
10
, ,' .75
11
,
:" " ,
" " " , 1140- ,
,1225 , , , ,13 " .
- " ,
" . .

 ,
,
12. ,
?
.1

, 13 . 12 - ,13

, (
" 14 )11 , ,12
.
15 .
.
" "
( ) ()" 16.

. , ,
.
" ( , ,)11
." " : "
" 17, ? " ( , ,)13
, "
12

Mordechai A. Friedman, "The Ethics of Medieval Jewish Marriage", in Religion in a

Religious Age ed. S. D. Goitein, Cambridge, 1974.
,
, , ,
., 20
14 . ' .91 90
13
.
14
Michael J. Broyde, Michael Ausubel ed.,Marriage, Sex, and Family, London, Boulder
(New York, Toronto, Oxford, 2005), pp. 130 131.
15
, ,' ,448 434 ,165 -159 " ,
" , ,
( ,)1995 ,' .120 116 ,115
16
, , ( ,") , " " .
( 1170 1090)
17

" , .

 .
"" : ...
...
...
" 18
. .
" , " : "
' " 19.
12 ,13 ,
, ,
, .
,
.

, ?
( ) ,
.
.

20

, ,
,
21

. .13

.
,
( )12
22 . ,15 " ,
18

" " ( ) , .
19
, " . " ,
" ",
, ,)1988( ,' .120 119
20
.
21
12 ,13 .
:
Angeliki E. Laiou, "Introduction", in Consent and Coercion to Sex and Marriage in Ancient and
Medieval Societies, p. vii.
Ruth Mazo Karras, Sexuality in Medieval Europe, p. 113
22

,:

 " :
23

" ".

12
, 12 ,

(
) . , ,12
24 .
.
. .

25

, ,
,
, ?
?
?
"" .
"" : , .
12 , , .
, 26
.

27

11 , 12 , ,

"" ." , 12 .
.13 "" :
James A Brundage , Law, Sex and Christian Society in Medieval Europe, pp. 235, 238 240,
257, 335, 357, 433 - 434, Christopher N.L. Brooke, The Medieval Idea of Marriage (Oxford,
1989), pp. 128 133, 137 138, 274, James A. Schultz, " Medieval Adolescence: The
Claims of history and the Silence of German Narrative", Speculum, 66:3 (1991), p. 528, Dyan
Elliott, "Marriage", Medieval Women's Writing, ed. Carolyn Dinshaw and David Wallace,
2003, pp. 40 42, 43, Michael M. Sheehan, "Choice of Marriage Partner in the Middle Ages:
Development and Mode of application of a Theory of Marriage", Studies in Medieval and
Renaissance History, 1:(1978), pp. 9, 13 17, 31, John T. Noonan, "Power to Choose",
Viator, 4 (1973), pp.427 430, McCarthy Conor, Love Sex and Marriage in the Middle Ages
(London, 2003), pp. 16 19, Charles Donahue, Law, Marriage and Society in the Later
Middle Age: Arguments about Marriage in Five Courts (Cambridge, 2007), p. 20.
23
" " , '.
24
.
25
K. Gravdal, "Chretien de Troyes, Gratian, and the Medieval Romance of Sexual
Violence", pp. 565- 568.
26
, ,".
27
, " . 12 .

" " 28. " : '

" "
"
29

".

, "
, "
" ." ( ")
" "
..." [ . ]." " 30
, " " :
" ".

31

12
. ,
.
( ).

32

, .
28

:" , ," ," , , ,

( ,") , " , " " , ' " ,
?" , : , , ,
( ,") ,' .49 39 ' "" "
" , , , ,2002 ,' .117
29
, , ," ," .
30
," , , , .
31

" , , " ,' , .

32
. , " ," " : ,
" " " : , , ," ... ":
, "
"" , .
. :" , ," " :
. " ," "
( ) " ..." :

" . "
" ( ) " :
" . , , ," : "
( , )12 ," ": "
, , ," " : ' ...' "
() []
[] '
' ".
.
, .18

 " " ( ,,
) 33 ,
. .
.

34

" " ,
. 35
36, .
...": :
37

".

. "" 11 - .
.
. ,
38 .
.
.

39

" , .

Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages (London, 1932), pp. 183 184.
33
, " . " ,
, 12 . , , : 12
12 12 ."
.
34
" , ( ' )" , ' "
(" ") ,' " , ,' .108 106
35
, , , ":
" " , : ' " , " ,
: , , , , , (,
,)1990' .173 153
36
, , 175 ,
, 800 , .
37

,".
38
, ,
, ( ,)1958 ,' ,37 -33 , ,'
.91 -88
39
, , ,
, ,' .196

40

( )10 8 .
,
41
. " :
, ,
, .
42

, : , ".

" :" ,
43

"

"

. '".

44

. 10
.
, ,11
, ( ,)1038 .

40

" , " ,' - , ,' .68 67

41
, ( ,") ,' " :' '
' ' " ,' " :
",' " " : " ,' " : " .
, : ,
( ,)1962 , ,4 ,' ,34 " : :
, .
, ".
42
,' " : '
"... ,' , ":
... ' ...

,"... , , , ,4' .31
43
( ,)9 , " , ,",
,' . " " . ,
( ,) 2001 ,
. , ,' " :68 67 " " ",
, "" .' .67 ,'
. ' .' " :
" .
. .
44
" ( ,1055 965 , ) ,
,' , .

 , 11 , 45 ,
46

( ,11).

,11" (
, )1030 -960 ," ( )1105 - 1040 ,
.
.

. ,11

.

47

10 11 , .

48 . 49
" ,

" 50 .
. , ""
"".

45

51

:
, , , ,
( ,") , ' ..." :138 " '
"" , , " ": " [ ]
, "... " , ""( ,
,") ,' " :13 , ,
".
46
, : , , ,,
,1995' " :73 [ ] ' '
, ... , " ,
" ".
47
' , ( ,)1992 ,' .14 13
48
"" " ,
" , , ,' .21 " :
...
,
" ,
, ( ,)2002 ,' .24
49
, , ( ,)1998 ,' .153
50
, ,' .10
51
," : ( ,)2006 ,' ,47 -44 , ,
' .13

 .2 .
.11 10
52 . " "
,
" : " ,
" 53.
, , . " "
.
"
. " ,
."
.
" :
,
" 54
" :
". " .

55

"

, , " : " :
" " "

52

11 10 ,
,:
Irving Agus A., The Heroic Age of Franco German Jewry (New York, 1969), p.278.
Irving A. Agus, Urban Civilization in Pre Crusade Europe, vol. 2 (New :
York, 196), p. 698
11 10 -
12 .13 10 .11
" ( , .)47
10 ,11 - ,' ,81 71
.
53
Irving Agus, Urban Civilization in Pre Crusade Europe, p.696
, ( ,"),
' , . , ,
( , ,") ,' " , (,
") , , ".
54
, " " " ,
( ,") ,' .63 61
55
' " :63 () '
"..

 "
.

56

" 57 , (
, " )13 " ..." :
" [ ] " 58
"
. " , ( '
1171 -1100) " (' , 1215
59.)1293 " " .
( 60 . )
" .
, ,
61 .
"
, 14 .15
12 13 " ".
.14 14
, : ,
" :

56

" , , " : "

" .
57
" " " " , , ,
" , , , , '( . ,
14 ' ' .
12 ,13 " , , 1250 1327 -)
58
, ," ,.
59
" , ,".
60

( ) " "
. () , ,
." ( ) . :
, ," , , , , , .
61
," ,' .44 " ."
,
. ' () . "
.

 ".

62

,,

. .
" ( , )15
. . " "
" 63 "
" 64. .
,
65. " ,
,15 " .

66

16 - , ,"" :" "
'
, '
" 67
" 11 ,
" .
" "
. " ".

.
" ( , .)1170 -1090
" , ,
. "

62

: " , , , , ," .' .

.

63

" " , .
64
.
65
.
66
"" , " ,' ,36 35 98
67
," " , ( ,)1970 ,
" " ( , , , .)16
13 12 . ."
"" ().

 , , ,
. , .

68

,
" : ,
69

"

, , .
, ,"
, ,
. , .

.
. .
, , " :
- ,
,
70

".

,
,
. (
,)13 12
" ...
71

' " "...

68

" , , ",
" , " ," " .
69
, ," ," " " ... "
" : , .
"
70
," ," " ".
71
, , .
" , ,
.


"" "" 72.
' ,13" :
73

... ".

, ,
, ,
" , ,
" 74
. .
,
.
. ,
" 75".
" : '
76

"

, .

..." :

" 77.
" "
( ) " :
" . ,

72

" ,)Parma De Rossi 189 (Parma Pal 1940 ,1297' 97 , ,

"" "" , ( . " ,
) " ,1297
, "" )Neubauer 877 ( Oxford, Bodleian, MS, Mich. 41
,1299 "" .:
(Neubauer 875) Oxford Bodleian, MS, Opp. 340.

73

, , ' , :
" :
' ".
74
" " .

75

, ,' .71
76
" ,.

77

" " ( ) ".

 , ,
.
78 ,
. ,
.
: ,
.
, " . ()

...
" " "
79

" ".

, " ...
" " 80,

. ,
.

, , ,13 ,
..." :
81

".

, ( )12"
( )13 ,
,
82 . " , ,
" , ,

78

, , ,1924 ,' ,290-289 .

79
, ,.
80
, ,.
81
, ,' .
82
""
"" ,
. " " . , : " .
" , " ,' .196

 .
" : " ... ...
" 83
" " ( )
, , , .

84

" , ,
..." :
, 85."...
" . , " ,
" " ( , , ,") ,
86 , "
, " " 87.
" , " ,
, , .
" .
" (
, , " :)12 - "

" " 88.
" : ' , ,":

83

" , " , , , ,".

84
" (" " ")
" . , . ,
"" : " ( " ," . )
"
"
.
85

86

" ' , ,.

: ," "" : "

87
, .
88
, . , " . "
.

""
89

".

" " :' (" ")

90

"

, ,14

( ,)13 12 " :

' " " 91"
92"."
" :
93

, ".

, , ,
,
.
.

" : " 94
,
,
":
95

".

12 13 " " ,

. .
,
89

, ,.
90
, .
91
,' , . " " ,".
92
, .93 , , .
93
" , , ( ,") , ,' .
" " , , ," ' " ," , " ," ,
, .
94
"( , ) , ".
95
.

 , ,
.
.
,11 ,
" , , 11 ,
," ( )1204 1138 , ,
, " :
" 96. :,
" ..." :
,
: . ."...

97

.
. ?
?

.3 -
.

. , ,

.

96

98

" , , , ( ,") , ".

97
. " : ,
, ' , " " , ,,
,13 " :"

"
98
" , " :
" .
, .
: ? . :

. .

 . "
" " :
, ". ,
99 . ,
100 ,
.
. .

101

,
.
. " :
103

"" 102,' . "

. 104
. , .
.
,
.
.
, " :
'
".

105

99

.
100
" ... , " " . ,
" . " ( ) " , " (,
)

101

, ,' .433 "" .

102
, , ".
103
, , ".
104

, , ," , ," . .
105
, ,' , : , , ," " : ,
" . ," ... ":
"
" " .
" " : ,
... " . "
,' . " : " " ":

 , ,
, ,

"
" 106.
. " .
" , ""
.

, ,
"".
" :

...
107

"...

" :
" (" ,) .
.

, ,
.
12 .

" :

, " ...
" " .
106

, - " .
" . " . " , , " ":
".

107

" , , ' , .

 " 108. , ,
.
" " 109. " , ,
( ,12)
.
110, .
111 .
,
.
.

.
, " " " : ,
, ...
" 112" " :
" .
.
, 113 .

108

, , , , ," " :
..." " " " ,,
.
109
, , ,".
110
" , " . " ":
" " , ' ," " " : .
... " , ,' "," "
" . , , ,1994 ,' "
, " , ,
," ,' ".
111
?
, , (
, , ) .
, ( ," , , ") "

, . "
," " , ".
112
, , ,".
113

. , , , , . ,
," ,
,"

, " , " "

 , ,
.
" .
.

114

..." :
115

"...

" "?
.
" 7
116 .
12
.
.

117

" " : "

" , " :
...

" , , " " ( , '

") , .' .217 215
114
" " ' , , , ".
115
, " ,
( ,"), ( . ,13).
116

" , " " : , .

" ,
. ," .
" , " :
" , : , , (,
,)1998' .114 108
117
" ' " " " " ." ,:
" - , , "
... ," " " :
" ," .
: " , ," " :
" " : ,
" , .

118

() "

,
?
, , .
14 119.15
12 ,
,
3 4 .
12
,
.

120

,
( ).

121

. 12
13 122.16
, .
.
.

118

, "
119
:
Peter Laslett, "Age at Menarche", The Family in History, Interdisciplinary Essays, ed.
Theodore K. Rabb and Robert I (Rothberg, 1973). p.30
, 13
,14 ,15 .15
.12 ,:
Helen King, Disease of Virgins: green sickness, chlorosis, and the problems of puberty,
London, 2004, p. 77, Jeremiah Benjamin Post, "Ages at Menarche and Menopause: Some
Medieval Authorities", Population Studies, 25, 1, (1971), pp. 83 87.
120

:
Benjamin B. Wolman, Adolescence, Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives (Westport.
Conn, 1998), pp. 10 -11.
" , , " , ",
, , (") ,' .157 156 ,151
121
, , .
.
122
, ,

123

" : : , ".
" , ," 124 . ".

125

, ,
" . ,
" . '
"
" 126 " '
"
" 127
"
128

".

.
?
.
" ,
: , (
" ") , . "
.

129

" , ,"
" " : ' "
130

" , ""

, .
" : ... "

123

, , ," , , " ," .

124
, " ' " .
125
, , ( ,") , , '.
126
, ," ,".
127
.
128
.
129
, , , " . , ,
" -" , ," , (") ,' .119 ,116
130
, , ' , ," ".

 "" 131,
132

",

"
133

.. . ".

" , "134.

135

" : ".

" : ,
. " 136.
, , .
. , ," " (
, " :)11
" 137. ,
, .
. .
, :12
.

138

131

, ," " " .

132
, , " " " .
133
" , , .
134
, , .

" :
"
135
. , ,".
136
, " , " " :
" [] ". " " ( ) .
137

, , ( ,") ,
( )11
138
" ( ) .
" . .
.
" "
() [] "

" '
' .
.' ' .
" . .

.
.
() [] . .
"

 139
.
" :" '

140"... " :

" 141

,
.
, .

?
""
. .
" :
" 142
. .

[']
() [] .
. ". 13
, , ,13 " .:
" : "
" , " ( )
.
[] ( , " ) ,
" : , .
139
, ,' , , , , " ,.
140
, , , .
141
, ".
142
" " , . .
" " ," ,",
, , ," " , " ," ' " : '
" . ?
, ?
" , , ' .
,
.

 , :
"
143

"

.
-
. (
)
-- .
, .

" : ...
, ' .
144

."...

" "
, " " .
, " "
" : '
".

145

" " ? "

. " " " "

143

, , " :
" .
" :" [ ] [] [] [] '
" ().

144

" .
(" .)12 13 , (
" .)1298 1260 , , ,' .421 420

145

, .

 ... " . ""

" . "" .

146

, ,
. ,
( )
.

, " ...
; ["]
. ... .
,
147

. []"

. ,
, , , ,
, "
".
,
.
. .
- . ,
,
, "
.
.

148

"

146

" , "" " " " " ,,

" , (") ,' .108 105

147

" " , . " " " . " -

" , "
" . " .

148

, , ( ,") ,' .207

.

 ,
.
,
.

. ,
. " " -
, " "
" 149. , , .

150

"
151 .
, .
,

" :
152

... ".
.
,
" .

( ) (
) , .
" " ( ) .
, ,
. , " , "

,
,
. "
" , ,
,' .125 , , ,1987 ,' . 49
149
" , ," " .
150
, , ' " :
" " , , , " " : ".
151
" " ( ) .
152
, .

 .
" .

153

:
" " 154,
, .
,
. ,
. 155, .
.
.
.

.

. ,
.


.

. . (
") , " . ,
,12 - " :
, " 156.
.
.

153

" , ," " .

154
, , ,".
155
.
156
, , .


,
..." :

,
, ,
. ' "".

157

" : ...
... , ,
. "
158

".

, ,
.
, .
.
,
, .
. ,
, .

157

158

159

, , ' , . ,' .316

" " " " " . .1427 1360

,14 , 12 .13
.
. .
" ,' " :
" ,
,
.
159
" 14 ,
, " ." " , ,' .

 , .
,
.
, " :
"
.

.
160

"...

, .
,
,
. " :
161

"
, , .
, ,

, 12 ,
.

, ,
.
,
. ,
.
.
,
" :

160

" ( ) ".
161
, ,.

 " 162 .
.
, , , ,
,
? ,
, :
" " 163
" :
164

' "

" :
165

" [ ] ' ".

. ,
?

.4 " "
,
. , ,
.
.
, .
, " :

166". " :

162

.
163
, , " : " ( )
' " .
164

165

166

, ,' .

 " 167
.
, .
,
. , " :
... - '

" . ,
..." :
' " '
' ".
, ,13
.
.
, " "
,
. , ,
.

, .
, ,
168 .

167

.
168
: ,
, , ( ,)1200 500 ' (
") ,' ,49 -47' ,55 50 , :
,' ,203' ;211 210 , : ,
, : " ,' ,23 -1 ,
,' . 20 -21
Robert Chazan, Medieval Jewry in Northern France: A Political and Social History (Baltimore, 1973),
Gerard Nahon, "Zarfat: Medieval Jewry in Northern France", in: The Jews of Europe in the Middle
Ages, ed. Christoph Cluse (Turnhout, 2004), Werner Transier, "Speyer: The Jewish Community in the
Middle Ages", The Jews of Europe in The Middle Ages (Tenth to Fifteenth Centuries), ed. Christoph
Cluse (Turnhout, 2004), pp. 435 447


169

19 .20

. .
, "
" ,
170. ,

171

1240 -

, .
, .1306 -
1298 172.
, .
,
. .
( ,)1295 - Corbeil
, 173 .
" 174 ,
, .
" " ,
.

." ( )1170 1090
" :

169

Alfred Haverkamp, " Introduction", The Jews of Europe in the Middle Ages (Tenth to
Fifteenth Centuries), ed. Christoph Cluse, (Turnhout, 2004), p.15
170
"" - " :
" , [] , . . , ,
' ,339
" : "..." ...
" . " ' .157
171
, ,' .106
172
. . 1240 1306
13 ,1298 - . . ,
, , ,' .406 405 ,395 371 ,
, ,
. 1306 . ' ,
, : ( ,)2008 ,' .122
173
. . , ,' .149 147
174
. . , ,' .574

 ( 175".
" , ) " ( 1140
1220) " " :
" ... ...
...

" 176" ( , -
" :)13
. .
177

".

14 " "
. " ( ,1427 1360
" ) " : ... ...
" 178" :
. ...
' 179"... "

" : " '
180

' ... ".

""
.
, .

175

" , .
176
" 13 ,13 ,
, " :
" ,14 ,
, ' , " " : ...
"
177
" " , .
178
" " , , "
. " " ,' '.
179
" " , ,' .
180
" ,'

 ? .
" , ,
.
, ,
.

.
.
( ).

181

.
,
.
.
.

182

, " ,
183 .

. , ,
, ,

.

.
.
,
.
,
181

"" , " ,' ( ,29 - 22"

12 .)13 :
Israel Abrahams, Jewish Life in the Middle Ages, p.90, p.167.
16 - . , ,
,16 -' .33 32
182
"" , " :
" , : ,' .99 98
183
, ,' .83 , .69

 ,
.
12 13
, ,
. , ,
,
,
, ,

.
,
. ,
.
,11
, .
--
. .

( ).
,
" : "
.
,
184."...

.
. " :
185

. "

184
185

,.
, , , *


, . " :
".

186

" : "

" , " , "

" :
,
" 187 " "
, .
" ,
188 .
, . .
,
, .

189

, .
,
, .
.

190

: (
) 191 . ""
192 "" " " 193.
: ?
186

, , , .
187
, ' ,.
188
" , " , www.daat.ac.il
189

: , ,' .62
, ( ,)1964 ,' ".
Esther Cohen, Elliot Horowitz, "Search of the Sacred: Jews, Christians and Rituals of marriage in the
Later Middle Ages", Journal of Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 20 (1990) 2, pp. 225 249.

.
190

.
.
191
, ,".
192
" , " ," ,".
193
, " . " : .

 ,
.
194, " :
195

"

,
.
.
" :
[] " 196. "
" 197. .
,
.11 ( )
" : , .
( " ) " 198.
, ( ) .
,12
. .
, ,
" 199. " ,
,

194

' " " " " , " .

, . 11
. " , " , ,
, (") ,' 88 83 " , " , ," , , ("),
' .70 67 ,63 62
195 , " ," .

196

, , ," . , , .
197
, " ," .
198
(") ,11 "
" . " , " " "
" , (" ")44 -37 ,
199
" ," " : ... - [ ] " . ",
"" : , , " .
," , " , .
" ,
" " , " , " ,,
' , 83 .4

 ( "" ""
).
, "
, .
( 200)12 ( ,)1230 1150
( ,13 ) 201. " ",
( ,)1248 1140 202,"( 203
,)1235 1160
204. " ,
205 . , ,
, .

206

" . "
" ,12 "
" , .13 " "
, , " 207"
,
" .
. .

208

"

" .

209

, ,
:" ( ) , (" ,1103 1013 , ) "

200

, , , " .
201
" , " , ,' ,63 .3
202
, , ( ,") , :
" "
203
, , , , " , ".
204
.
205
, " " ," .
206
, ," ," .
207
" , , , " , " . "
".
208

, " , ":
209
, " ".

 " " " ,

.

210

" " , " " .

" 211 ,
" :' "
212 " ...
" :
213

".

" ,
. .
, " , , , "
" " :


" 214" , ,
" ," " : ," [
] " 215. " "
.

216

, ,
.
. , 12
, .
. , . "
; .

210

, , " , ".
211
" , , , ".
212
" , , .
213
214

" , , .

, , .
215
" " ,
216
, , , '.

 .
?

217 .
. ,
. .
12 13 ,
.
11 - "
, " " . ,
, " :
..."
".
" , 12 ,
218 ,
" :"
[
. ]. "

219

13 , , ..." :
220

".

, , .

( )
.
. ,
217

, ,' ,84 82 , ,'

" :33 ,
, ,
" . .
"" , " ,' :34 " ( )
, .
218
" " " ,"
..
219

," , " "

220
, ,".

 ,
.
,
?
, . " :
221

" ".

"

.

. " " :


"...

222

"

. .
,
,
? 223

.
. .
( )
.
, .
:

221

" , ."
, ." , ,,
, " , " " : ."
"
222
" ." ,
, ," ," " : " ",
," .
223
, : ,
, .
. ?
? " . ( )
" , " .

" ... " 224.

, " : :
: ,

225

".

226 .

" :
" 227 " : (
)
228

".

12 .13
,

. . ,
,
. , ,
12 .13
, ,
. ,

. " "

, .
224

,".
225
" . , " + + .
226
" , " " ," " : ,
".
227
Carmen Cabellero Navas ed., The Book of Women's Love and Jewish Medieval Medical
Literature on Women, Sefer Ahavat Nashim (London, 2004), p. 145.
228
Ron Barkai, Les infortunes de Dinah: le livre de la generation la gynecologie juive au
Moyen age (Paris, 1991), p.229.

 , , ,
,
, .
,
, " ,
.
" " : ,
" (" " ) . .
, .